On this date in 1979, John Spenkelink was electrocuted in Florida — the first man executed involuntarily in the U.S. since 1967.
A series of court decisions in the 1970’s had scrapped the country’s old death penalty institutions and obliged legislators to restructure the process. Now, the new architecture was in place and the decade-long hiatus in actual executions was drawing to a close.
Gary Gilmore had earned trivia-question notoriety as the first put to death under the new regime two years before, but Gilmore was always an outlier, a bizarrely active exponent of his own death who greased the skids for himself.
Spenkelink was the true harbinger. For six years, a span which seemed long then but would today rate on the speedy side, Spenkelink resisted death with every tool at his disposal. Florida officials fought just as stubbornly to kill him.
An itinerant parolee, he had in 1973 shot a fellow drifter named Joseph J. Szymankiewicz.
Spenkelink claimed that Szymankiewicz had stolen his money, forced him to play Russian roulette, and sexually assaulted him, all of which seemed within the vicious character attested of the victim. But the killing itself was clearly not a moment of passion or immediate self-defense: Spenkelink had left their shared hotel room, returned with a gun, and shot his man in the back.
In the new Court-mandated balancing act between “aggravating” and “mitigating” factors whose intent was to harmonize unfair application of the death penalty, this evident premeditation is what doomed Spenkelink. (The fact that Spenkelink committed the crime for pecuniary gain — that is, to get back his own money — also militated against him. The Clark County (Ind.) Prosecutor’s site has some legal briefs in addition to media reports on the case.)
In the larger reality not circumscribed by legal briefs, the defendant wasn’t exactly Charles Manson. More considerable than the act itself was where it occurred (North Florida) and the rootless, friendless character of its author — a “white nigger”. As Florida Supreme Court Justice Richard Ervin put it:
As usual under “discretion,’ it is left to sentencing judges to determine in particular cases who will get death. We know intuitively who will: the poor, the underprivileged, the public defender clients, the blacks and other minority people, the mentally incompetent or those holding unpopular or unorthodox ideologies. The affluent usually escape the death penalty.
…
The result here is an old story, often repeated in this jurisdiction where the subconscious prejudices and local mores outweigh humane, civilized understanding when certain segments of the population are up for sentencing for murder.
Or in Spenkelink’s epigram, which he often signed to prison correspondence, “capital punishment means those without capital get the punishment.”
The last of his 22 appeals* was rejected by the Supreme Court this very day. Ten minutes later, trussed hand and foot with each of his orifices stopped up and two shots of whiskey for the ride, Spenkelink was presented in Old Sparky to the event’s official witnesses.** It had been 15 years since the chair’s last use; prison officials didn’t remember how to operate it — but they managed to pull it off with no more than the electric chair’s average ration of gruesomeness.
Five minutes later, Spenkelink was declared dead — and the death penalty was back in America.†
* Filed by David Kendall, later to gain a measure of fame as Bill Clinton’s personal attorney during his impeachment.
** Spenkelink was gagged when the blinds were opened to the witnesses, and denied a final statement (his famous bon mot about those without the capital is sometimes mistakenly reported as his last words). Since the witnesses had not seen the prisoner brought in, rumors spread that he had fought the guards, even that his neck had been broken in the altercation and that he was dead or dying by the time the first 2,250-volt jolt hit him. This rumor in turn caused the state not only to exhume and autopsy Spenkelink, but to institute a policy of autopsying all executed prisoners … and the documentary trail created by this policy contributed to the Sunshine State’s later legal and public relations headaches with its execution protocols.
† Executions would remain freak events — one or two a year — until the mid-1980’s when they finally resumed taking place with regularity sufficient to return them to the everyday fabric of American life.
On this day..
- 1537: John and Margaret Bulmer, Bigod's rebels
- 1798: The Carnew executions
- 1425: Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany
- 1940: Julien Vervaecke, Tour de France cyclist
- 1726: James Stephens and Patrick Barnel, broadsided
- 1987: Pawel Tuchlin, the Scorpion
- 1849: Washington Goode
- 1721: Joseph Hanno, "miserable African"
- 1872: Communards Serizier, Boin and Boudin
- 1911: Laura and Lawrence Nelson lynched
- 1946: Marcel Petiot, Vichy serial killer
- 1948: Witold Pilecki, Auschwitz infiltrator
John Spenkelink’s execution has always illustrated the true arbitrariness of the death penalty, and how inherently cruel and unusual it is. This was a second-degree murder case at best, and Spenkelink’s execution is a stain on this country’s history.
The only things Spenkelink’s execution demonstrated were how many resources the state was willing to waste to put one man to death, and how worse criminals could and often did avoid the death penalty in an inhumane, capricious system.
The only things that Spenkelink’s execution proved were how much time and money the state driving directions was prepared to spend on executing one guy and how much more serious offenders could and frequently did evade the death sentence under the current harsh and arbitrary system.
I remember being horrified as a young man by this execution that took place across the country from me. Reading more about the case I’m struck by the utter arbitrariness of it all–John was no angel but was a no poster child for capital punishment.
Mostly I have a feeling of waste and sadness. What’s happened over the past 35+ years with executions has not made us a most just, better or safer country. If it does anything at all–it simple breeds and feeds a culture of continued violence.
Yes poor old John, what must he have felt when forced to perform a sexual act against his will by a discussting creature.
My name is verna and my mother dated john when i was little. We called him dad, my brother and sister and still think and love him very much. He was a beautiful loving man, and he made my mom very happy.
KYGB, you should read the definitions of murder 1 and 2 if you think Spenkelink’s case was a “classic Murder two.” The act of going and getting a gun clearly involves premeditation and thus first degree murder.
The average length of confinement for a Florida 1st degree murder conviction in the 1970’s was 7.5 years or just 6 months past the earliest available parole date. I was involved with 3 people convicted of murder 1 at this time and they served 7, 9 and 11 years before being released. The 11 years was served because it was a double murder conviction. Spenkelink might have served longer because of his status as an escaped convict (I did not see where Spenkelink being an escaped convict was mentioned in this article). The lengthening of time that must be served before parole eligibility to 30 and 40 years is probably the main reason for the murder rate to have fallen around 70% since 1990.
Only lasting six years on death row seemed short in 1979. Whether it was correct or not, the general thinking at the time was one could delay an execution for around 10 years unless the state was “fast tracking” like Florida did Bundy.
Finally, I’ve been told that Spenkelink did fight the guards. That wasn’t just a rumor.
I was living in Tallahassee at the time of the Spenkelink murder and his subsquencent death in the electric chair.I was15 when the murder occurs and followed the case to the end .As has been stated by others, John never stood a chance. Not in the Tallahassee of that era. Shortly after his execution I moved to New York. In the 80’s NYC had a very high murder rate. Something like a 1000 per year.But none made as much an impression on me as the Spenkelink murder in the Ponce de Leon Hotel.
It is a terrible shame that people like john don’t seem to get a chance, while people like richard ramierez, spend that long on death row and deserve to be executed, that they die a natural death, something is twisted.
I too often think about John, I guess because I read about him at a young age (18), and remember his invalid, aging mother, pleading in vain for mercy which never came. I have resented Jim Smith ever since. This was a sad case.
I still think about John alot. Almost every day I read in the paper about someone who did something worse than John. And they usually get 15 years to life in prison.
Just recently I read about a step mother who had repeatedly abused her stepdaughter who was suffering from cancer. She ended up killing her and dismembering the body. She got 17 years on a plea because they only found parts of the girls body. Today I read about a man getting 17 years in prison for killing a bright high school kid who had ‘disrespected’ him. Not too long ago a college girl was raped and killed while taking photographs of nature in a secluded area. The guy got life and will probably be out of jail before he is 50.
Read the papers and everyday you will see a story about someone who did something worse than John. But they killed John. They gave him the time of his death, gave him reprieved, rescheduled and finally one morning walked him to a death chamber and tied him down to a chair in front of over 30 witnesses and then ran 2000 volts of electricity thru his body until his blood was boiling. John most likely died from asphyxiation as the electricity paralyzed him.
Johns crime: John was forced at gunpoint to blow another mans dick. John got a gun and killed the man. The guy John killed had a long criminal record which included sexual assaults which gives credence to Johns story.
A south Florida DA is on record saying had John committed the crime in south Florida he would have gotten 10 to 15 years. Where I live Johns crime today would get 7 to 15 years. But John committed the crime in redneck north Florida and because he was from California and had a funny sounding last name it was easy to get a conviction. Then Bob Graham needed a white man to kill so it wouldn’t look like they were being racist in Florida. So John, with no financial resources was the perfect person to kill.
In my opinion that was not an execution, it was a murder. Oh yeah and read some of the stays that were overturned….they alluded to Johns convictions in California and the fact that he walked away from a minimum security prison as reasons he should be executed more so than that because of the crime he committed.
Stan, I can assure you that John Spenkelink didn’t die from asphyxiation. The effect of 2,300 volts at 100 amps hitting the body is instant unconsciousness. I have read several autopsy reports of people executed by electrocution and one salient item in every case was the brain was sliced sagittally into 5 or 6 pieces.
You’re also not going to get as much support for your cause by referring to people as “rednecks” and demonstrating your own bigotry by stating what you think Spenkelink’s punishment would have been in various regions of Florida.
Patricia, Stan is right. Not only is there no scientific proof that the electric chair actually renders an inmate instantly unconscious, but there is more proof that it actually doesn’t. Do some research on the electric chair execution of Alpha Otis Stephens in Georgia in 1984, which was the case that Georgia officials used to declare the electric chair cruel and unusual punishment; neurologists said that while he was being electrocuted, he was making movements in the chair that an unconscious individual would have not been able to make. Also check the case of Allen Lee Davis in Florida in 1999, where his official cause of death was a combination of electrocution and asphyxiation. 2,300 volts of electricity to the brain won’t necessarily render an inmate instantly unconscious. The electric chair is a horrible, cruel way to die, and multiple courts and scientists have agreed with me.
And Stan is also right when discussing the different regions of Florida that would have given Spenkelink a lesser, more fitting punishment for the crime. Spenkelink went to trial in a bloodthirsty and conservative region of the state. He got very unlucky, and that is one of the sole reasons why he got a death sentence instead of anything lesser. Other men and women in other regions of Florida weren’t getting death sentences for crimes like Spenkelink’s, but it was conservative north Florida that was most eager to start executions again. Had he committed the murders in, say, Miami (where Ted Bundy, of all people, was offered a 75-year plea deal for assaulting and murdering two women, rather than a death sentence), he probably would be alive today. Maybe even paroled by now.
Your website is wrongly thinking I’ve made a duplicate post.
Why was John gagged when they killed him? That was unusual.
Steve, I read somewhere he was still gagged when they pulled him up to autopsy him.
It is often reported that the state of Florida exhumed John’s corpse and conducted the autopsy. California exhumed the corpse and the autopsy was conducted by an LA coroner. The autopsy report concluded that John’s death was “consistent with a judicial execution” and found no evidence of abuse prior to his execution.
This act made Florida officials very uncomfortable and they immediately determined that all of its executed inmates would be autopsied by Florida officials before releasing the bodies of executed inmates to family. Johns body was actually released hours after his execution and was driven back to California by his family in a station wagon.
Happy 64th birthday John. People still care.
KYGB: As John said: “Them without the Capital get the punishment”.
To wit about race: Willie Darden, a black inmate, was scheduled to die with Spenkelink, by Florida officials (Gov. Bob Graham & Jim Smith). He hadn’t even pursued Federal appeals and a warrant was still signed for his death. Whether this was political cover by Graham, I don’t know. But, without sponsored legal help, Darden would have died w/o his U.S. Constitutional right to a fair trial being examined by the Federal courts. Florida dogged Darden into the chair several years later despite considerable question about his guilt.
Jim Smith was warned by Federal courts in the early ’80’s about Florida (Graham) copiously signing death warrants for political expediency and Smith’s tireless pursuit to have the executions occur without Federal review.
“Spink” was a classic Murder two. he should have gottn life with the possibility of parole. John wanted Self Defense murder three with a 5 15 sentence. He was dreaming and he dreamed himself into the chair.
FL desparatley wanted a white offender to restart their death machine.
Spink’s number came up, he got a lousy defense, and wound up in the chair. There were literally 100 better capital murder one cases in FL, but John’s skin and the time was right for him.
I’m not against the death penalty, but i am opposed to the widely disparate application of that sentence, espec in FL, Tex, and VA.
I was a senior in H.S.,at the time of John’s execution, to which I was vehemently opposed. I remember Florida’s Attorney General, Jim Smith, vigilantly and venegefully vowing to kill John. He flew from court to court getting them to remove John’s stays. I moved to Florida in 1989 and never voted for that man, because of this. The tragedy was that John had a horrible trial where no mitigating circumstances were presented to the jury.
It happened on my 16th birthday. I remember waking up and reading the horrible details in the morning paper and thinking what a horrible way to start my 16th year. I understand the need for the death penalty and I’m not oppose to it if the situation calls for it; I just wish there was a more humane way to carry it out.
@SN: I think the surname is Dutch. I just Googled it and found Facebook profiles for several people with that name, almost all of whom live in the Netherlands.
I know this may not be a very intelligent or thought-provoking comment, but I was always intrigued by Spenkelink’s bizarre surname, which is perhaps more unusual than the crime itself.
No he did not have any children of his own. He was a good uncle! ” Ragan Jackson ” I would love to hear about your memories. I have very few cause I was only 5 years old at the time of his death.
“Timothy from school” His mom had no lovers and did not abused him. She was a school teacher , what started his mental abused if you want to call it that is when he came home form school and found this dad had committed suicide !
Did John have any children?
sad memories of a really good man. I know i was there. My mother was his girlfriend of 4yrs. at the time of his death. nothing but great memories of him in such bad bad times for him. he held his head high till the end and always kept hope. miss him alot
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Spenkelink should not have been executed. There was enough question to comute this sentence to life. The guy he killed was a violent criminal in his own right. Spenkelink claimed the guy held a gun to his head and forced him to suck his —-.
Spenkelink was offered a plea bargin of 2nd degree murder and a life sentence. He turned it down. It ended up costing him his life.
Even worse, he was targeted by Florida officials to be first. It had to be a white man. His appeals were moved through the courts faster than the others.
There are guys doing time that did worse than Spenkelink did to get the chair.
Now many, many years later I remember John from Junior High School in Buena Park, Ca. where I was a classmate. He was a quiet kid, forsaken and abused by his mother and her lovers. He and I were friends and remember his discussing the hopelessness in his life. Too bad our country still uses this barbaric form of punishment to deal with it’s dispossessed, forgotten, and forlorn.
It’s a shame that a so-called modern country still has the death penalty. Land of the free but not the land of the people with no money
I remember right after he was executed, the greaseman on WAPE in Jacksonville introduced a new breakfast treat. With the sound of grease frying in a pan in the background, the greaseman introduced, “Spenkelinks”
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did he fry real good