Boyarina Feodosia Morozova starved to death in the early hours past midnight on the night of November 1-2, 1675.
This wealthy “Old Believer” noblewoman (English Wikipedia entry | Russian) is one of art history’s most famous religious dissidents thanks to Vasily Surikov‘s iconic painting of her being hauled away by the authorities, defiantly making the outlawed two-fingered sign of the cross.
This was big game hunted by Orthodoxy’s controversial reform movement: Boyarina Morozova’s brother-in-law was Boris Morozov, who during Tsar Alexei‘s minority had wielded the power behind the throne; her confessor was the protopope Avvakum Petrov, whose eventual martyrdom at the stake in 1682 rates an appearance on the Executed Today playing cards.
But her writ of privilege had long since run out, for she had been arrested and tortured back in 1671 together with her sister Evdokia Urusova and a fellow-travelling friend, Boyarina Maria Danilova. (This is the event captured by Surikov’s painting.) Perhaps her position saved her from outright execution — which all-grown-up Tsar Alexei reportedly contemplated — but not from being done to death by the state.
After all three women were arrested and so dramatically dragged away, they were locked up in the cellars of a small-town monastery where their guards were eventually ordered to permit them to waste away by deprivation.
Her movement did not carry its contest for religious primacy and was violently persecuted for many years thereafter, but Old Believers still exist to this day — thought to number about one to two million worldwide. As of the 20th century, Old Believers are longer anathema to mainline Orthodoxy, and a fearless martyr such as Boyarina Morozova cannot but inspire respect no matter how many fingers you use to make the blessing. She’s still well-known in Russia and is the subject of a 2006 choral opera.
On this day..
- 1984: The Hondh-Chillar Massacre - 2020
- 1907: Afanasi Matushenko - 2018
- 1715: Seven at Tyburn - 2017
- 1803: Ludovicus Baekelandt, Vrijbos bandit - 2016
- 1483: Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham - 2015
- 82 BCE: The defeated populares of the Battle of the Colline Gate - 2014
- 1984: Velma Barfield, the first woman in the modern era - 2013
- 1801: James Legg, crucified ecorche - 2012
- 1972: Evelyn Anderson and Beatrice Kosin, missionaries - 2011
- 1920: James Daly, Connaught Rangers mutineer - 2010
- 1924: Ali Reshti and Sayyid Husain, to placate America - 2009
- 2001: Mona Fandey, witch doctor - 2008
- 1963: Ngo Dinh Diem - 2007
Those “Old Believers” as well as the “Early Reformers” have earned and special place in the heart of our Creator. They loved Him and wanted His sustaining and loving influence to prevail in the lives of their countrymen. In a coming day He will exalt them on high! Of that I am sure.
Religions are silly.
Just want to add a small detail for the benefit of people not very familiar with Russian history: “boyarina” was not a name. It was an aristocratic rank in ante-Petrine Russia, the feminine form of “boyar”.