On this date in 1957, Cypriot guerrilla Evagoras Pallikarides was hanged by British colonial authorities for gun possession.
As it was throughout the Empire in the middle 20th century, independence was the order of the day in Cyprus. But it was not simply whether there would be self-rule in Cyprus: the form and terms of independence were themselves hotly contested.
Cyprus would be a fresh battleground between those bitter rivals Turkey and Greece, each asserting an interest in their ethnic cousins on the island; overlapping that, it would be a battleground between the institutional Communist opposition AKEL, which opposed military action for separatism, and the nationalist EOKA, demanding not simply independence but enosis, union with Greece as part of the pan-Hellenic project so inflammatory to the Turks.
From 1955 to 1959, EOKA conducted a four-year campaign of bombing, assassinations and military engagements.
As a 17-year-old, Palikarides — already facing trial and likely prison time for his resistance activities — disappeared to join an EOKA guerrilla cell. A poetic young soul, he bid his classmates farewell with this note left to explain his absence on their first morning without him:
Old classmates. At this time, someone is missing from among you, someone who has left in search of freedom’s air, someone who you might not see alive again. Don’t cry at his graveside. It won’t do for you to cry. A few spring flowers scatter on his grave. This is enough for him …
I’ll take an uphill road
I’ll take the paths
To find the stairs
That lead to freedomI’ll leave brothers, sisters
My mother, my father
In the valleys beyond
And the mountainsidesSearching for freedom
I’ll have as company
The white snow
Mountains and torrentsEven if it’s winter now
The summer will come
Bringing Freedom
To cities and villagesI’ll take an uphill road
I’ll take the paths
To find the stairs
That lead to freedomI’ll climb the stairs
I’ll enter a palace
I know it will be an illusion
I know it won’t be realI’ll wonder in the palace
Until I find the throne
Only a queen
Sitting on itBeautiful daughter, I will say,
Open your wings
And take me in your embrace
That’s all I ask …
Pallikarides fought for a year before being apprehended with a gun illegally in his possession — a hanging crime under British anti-terrorism laws, but as Pallikarides was just the ninth (and last) EOKA man executed, it seems plain that law was not receiving draconian enforcement. At least one author claims that the authorities threw the book at him on the gun charge because of a murder they believed he committed as a guerrilla but could not prove.
The fact that he turned 19 a fortnight before his execution likewise did not avail him clemency — as the young rebel predicted in court:
I know you will hang me. Whatever I did, I did as a Cypriot Greek fighting for liberty.
As youthful martyrs to nationhood are wont to become, Pallikarides (along with his poetry) lives on as a potent symbol to Greek Cypriots. Shortly after Cyprus achieved independence in 1960, his name and visage were affiliated with a Cyprus football club, Evagoras (which later merged with another club to become AEP Paphos).
On this day..
- 1874: Sid Wallace
- 1953: Abel Danos, le mammouth
- 1964: Jack Ruby condemned
- 1824: John Smith
- 1808: Thomas Simmons
- 1610: Henry Paine, shipwrecked mutineer
- 1908: Massillon Coicou and the Firminists
- 1726: William "Vulcan" Gates, Black Act casualty
- 1719: Mary Hamilton, lady in waiting
- 2009: Four Iranians
- 1757: Admiral John Byng
- 1551: Alice Arden, husband killer
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