Armand Louis de Gontaut, duc de Lauzun and later duc de Biron, an officer in the American Revolution and and the French Revolution, was guillotined during the Paris Terror on this date in 1793.
Born in 1747, Lauzun had some youthful finding-himself years “wasting his fortune in dissipation in various parts of Europe” before he got serious about being an Enlightenment Man, penned an essay on British colonial defenses, and went and fought them in a colonial skirmish.
Satisfactory performance in West Africa qualified him to twist the lion’s tail again by raising a legion of hussars for the American Revolution. Lauzun fought at the independence-clinching upset of Yorktown, winning promotion back in the home country to marechal de camp.
That Lafayette-like package of liberal sensibility, blue blood, and battlefield competence was just the thing for the more moderate early years of the French Revolution, and just the thing to cost his head by the time of the Terror. Our man found himself by 1793 transferred from the French army on the Rhine to the against War in the Vendee where he arrived already too milquetoast for the extreme violence being demanded for pacification. The Jacobin firebrand Marat had already petitioned for the ex-nobleman’s removal; it was effected by Jean-Baptiste Carrier who in 1793 was busily blackening his name by pacifying the Vendee with indiscriminate slaughter.
Lauzun/Biron/Gontaut was arrested at Carrier’s behest for incivisme, that want of revolutionary ardor that in this moment stood tantamount to treason. Vainly he protested (pdf) from his confinement that “my conscience reproaches me for nothing.” Still, he met the inevitable fate at the Revolutionary Tribunal’s hands with peace and was reported to have gone calmly to the guillotine, the last words upon his lips a self-recrimination:
“I die punished for having been false to my God, my King and my order.”
On this day..
- 1829: Thomas Maynard, the last hanged for forgery
- 1666: James Blackwood and John M'Coul, two Covenanter martyrs
- 2006: Gong Runbo, serial killer
- 1819: John Booth and Thomas Wildish, minor crooks
- 1460: Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury
- 1502: Vitellozzo Vitelli and Oliverotto da Fermo, Borgia casualties
- 1987: Seven Suriname Maroons
- 1942: Three Bialystok Jews
- 1905: Rebellious workers of the Red Presnia district
- 1960: The assassins of Hazza Majali
- 1900: En Hai, the murderer of von Ketteler
- 1898: Joseph Vacher