On this date in 1646, Zhu Yujian was captured and summarily executed at Tingzhou.
This gentleman went under the title Prince of Tang, making him Beavis and Butthead’s favorite Ming despot. Indeed, he was a direct descendant of the founder of that illustrious dynasty. Unfortunately for the Prince of Tang, that descent was of the ninth generation, which meant that the Ming were well into their decadence and decline.
The Prince of Tang had spent essentially the whole of his adult life seeing the state eaten away by sclerotic bureaucracy, internal revolts, economic breakdown … and, as a consequence of all that erosion, by the incursions of the Manchus.
The first ruler of those people’s successor Qing dynasty was already on the Chinese throne at this point, having seized the capital Beijing in 1644. The splintering thereafter of Ming officials and loyalists led to, among other transitional formations, a “Southern Ming dynasty” — far southern, almost to Burma. The Prince of Tang would accede to this contingent remnant of a once-glorious dominion, and enjoy the conceit of the purple and its prospect of imminent violent death for the last 14 months of his life.
When his able military commander Zheng Zhilong saw the writing on the wall and defected, Qing soldiers pouring through defenseless passes and over the Qiantang River swiftly routed the demoralized southern Ming in the summer of 1646.
The Longwu Emperor — that’s what the Prince of Tang was styling himself, the name inaptly meaning “plentiful and martial” — spent his last days being driven from pillar to post ahead of the Qing before he was finally overtaken and put to summary death with his wife.
The Southern Ming would fight on another fifteen years, but the particular familial branch embodied by the Prince of Tang met an unceremonious end long before the Ming as a whole succumbed. Zhu Yujian’s younger brother succeeded him as “the Shaowu emperor” that December and squandered the scant resources of his statelet — “lacking court dress, the thousands of officials who were appointed to the Shaowu government … had to buy theatrical robes from local actors” — on a few weeks’ counterproductive civil strife with a rival Ming claimant until the Qing utterly overran them.
On this day..
- 1960: Tibur Mikulich, Hungarian traitor
- 1750: Maria Pauer, the last witch executed in Austria
- 1909: Martha Rendell
- 1884: Thomas Orrock and Thomas Harris
- 1893: Paulino Pallas, Spanish anarchist
- 1918: Private Harry James Knight, deserter
- 1573: Maeykens Wens, Antwerp Anabaptist
- 1922: Benny Swim, "dead as a door-nail" (or not)
- 1943: Yitskhok Rudahevski and family
- 1999: Chen Chin-hsing, Taiwan's most notorious criminal
- 1553: Prince Mustafa, heir to Suleiman the Magnificent
- 1536: William Tyndale, English Bible translator
- 1849: Lajos BatthyƔny and the 13 Martyrs of Arad