1897: The Thirteen Martyrs of Bagumbayan
January 11th, 2010 Headsman
On this date in 1897, days after Philippine independence hero Jose Rizal was shot by the Spanish, 13 martyrs to the same cause suffered the same fate at the same execution grounds.
The 13 Martyrs of Bagumbayan (not to be confused with the 13 Martyrs of Cavite; it was a bakers’ dozen special on Filipino martyrs during the Philippine Revolution) consisted of:
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Domingo Franco (Wikipilipinas | Philippine National Historical Institute (pdf))
Numeriano Adriano
Moises Salvador
Francisco Roxas (Wikipilipinas)
Jose Dizon (Wikipedia | Wikipilipinas)
Benedicto Nijaga (Philippine National Historical Institute (pdf))
Cristobal Medina
Antonio Salazar (Philippine National Historical Institute (pdf))
Ramon A. Padilla (Philippine National Historical Institute (pdf))
Faustino Villaruel (Wikipilipinas)
Braulio Rivera (Philippine National Historical Institute (pdf))
Luis Enciso Villareal
Eustacio Manalac (Philippine National Historical Institute (pdf))
They were casualties of Spanish pressure against the revolutionary Katipunan and/or its Rizal-rounded parent organization La Liga Filipina.
Not all this grab-bag of sacrificial patriots were really firebreathing revolutionaries. But the (serious) divisions among Filipino activists and revolutionaries were of small import to the Spanish, who (as the 13-strong martyr batches suggest) went in for the wholesale school of repression.
Perhaps most notable in this day’s batch was Francisco Roxas, one of the Philippines’ wealthiest men. Despite his liberal sympathies, he’d refused the more radical Katipunan’s shakedown for financing, only to have that organization vengefully place his name on a membership list the Spanish were sure to find. (Roxas maintained his innocence, but accepted his unsought martyr’s crown and never betrayed his fellows.)
Also On This Date
Possibly Related Executions
- 1808: The Executions of the Third of May
- 1817: Policarpa Salavarrieta, Colombian independence heroine
- 1865: Mexican Republican officers, under the Black Decree
Entry Filed under: 19th Century, Businessmen, Capital Punishment, Death Penalty, Execution, History, Martyrs, Mass Executions, Occupation and Colonialism, Philippines, Power, Public Executions, Shot, Soldiers, Spain, Treason, Wartime Executions
Tags: 1890s, 1897, antonio salazar, bagumbayan, benedicto nijaga, braulio rivera, cristobal medina, domingo franco, eustacio manalac, faustino villaruel, francisco roxas, january 11, jose dizon, jose rizal, luis enciso villareal, manila, moises salvador, numeriano adriano, philippine revolution, ramon padilla
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