On this date in 1597, Jaakko Ilkka, leader of a great Finnish peasant rebellion called the “Cudgel War”, was put to death at at Old Isonkyron Church.
This evocatively named disturbance broke out in the last days of 1596, so the reader will perceive that the cudgels didn’t have much by way of legs; it took place in a Finland which was then still a part of Sweden. In a typical peasant rising pattern, they won a few early encounters wrong-footing the nobility before heavy soldiery was properly mobilized and smashed the revolt.
While the peasants had usual peasantry grievances, most notably crushing levies to fund fruitless wars with Russia, they might also have been somewhat goaded into insurrection as an outgrowth of the schism then opening up between rival claimants to Swedish rulership within the royal family: Finnish lords, who were remaining loyal to exiled King Sigismund, had blocked some appeals that the farmers attempted to advance to the Swedish court of Sigismund’s usurping uncle Duke Charles. When Sweden’s parliament denied Charles funding for a punitive war against his disobedient Finnish lords, he made some public remarks musing about what a good thing it was that the lords’ subjects still had the right to take matters into their own hands. Clearly the man missed his calling as a Twitter troll.
A wealthy landowner from the city of Ilmajoki, Ilka (English Wikipedia entry | Finnish) found his way into a leadership position though he might not have been anything like an moving spirit. No matter, his was the name on the marquee by the end which meant his was the minimum sacrifice necessary for a laying down of cudgels. He was bludgeoned to death at Old Isonkyron Church and his body gibbeted on a breaking-wheel.
Famous to Finns, Ilkka has been interpreted by a wide variety of literary and dramatic efforts.
On this day..
- 1872: George "Charcoal" Botts
- 1725: James Casady, aged beggar
- 1697: George Seager, deserter and burglar
- 1591: Arnold Cosbie, writing his own elegy
- 1928: Edward Rowlands and Daniel Driscoll
- 1868: Three Italian bandits
- 1565: Benedetto Accolti, would-be papal assassin
- 1961: Wasyl Gnypiuk, sleep-killer
- 1550: The leaders of the Prayer Book Rebellion
- 1940: Isaak Babel
- 1781: Mutinous ringleaders of the New Jersey line
- 1142: Yue Fei, paragon of loyalty