On this date in 1918, four sailors who were ringleaders of a failed Austrian naval mutiny were executed at the Montenegrin port of Kotor.
It’s been largely forgotten beyond its Balkan environs — indeed, reports of its very existence were hushed up at the time it occurred — but it prefigured the more famous, war-ending Kiel mutiny later that year in Austria’s Entente ally. It was a heyday for radical sailors, taking heart from the inspiration of the famed Russian cruiser Aurora, whose guns launched Russia’s October Revolution.
The mariners in question for this post were the crew of the SMS Sankt Georg,* stationed in the aforementioned Kotor — aka Cattaro, which is commonly how this mutiny is named.
On February 1, this crew, gnawed by hunger, deposed their officers and ran up the red flag, chanting for bread and peace.
Although about 40 other ships in the Austrian fleet there responded with revolutionary flags of their own, the mutiny collapsed within two days. Alas, the sailors of this flotilla were not so determined as their Russian counterparts upon any particular course of action: they waffled upon considerations like defecting in the war or firing on the naval base, and deferred action until morale and common purpose dissipated. The Austrian military kept a tight lid on news of the rebellion, frustrating any prospect of catalyzing a wider insurrection among landlubbers.
Some 800 participants in the mutiny were arrested and some of them tried months afterwards; forty leader figures, however, were prosecuted within days by a summary court-martial and four of them executed on February 11: Franz Rasch, Jerko Šižgoric, Anton Grabar and Mato Brnicevic.
There’s a 1980 Yugoslavian film about events, Kotorski mornari.
* Aptly, Montenegro is among the innumerable places answering to the patronage of Saint George. There’s a St. George Island right there in Kotor Bay, the apparent inspiration for the Arnold Böcklin painting and Sergei Rachmaninoff symphonic poem Isle of the Dead.
On this day..
- 1876: Owen Lindsay, of the Baldwinsville Homicide
- 1751: William Parsons, Grub Street fodder
- Daily Double: Child Burglars in Nuremberg
- 1584: Silly Mary and Country Kate
- 1957: Fernand Iveton, pied-noir revolutionary
- 1691: Sylvester Medvedev, bread-worshipper
- 1896: Bartholomew "Bat" Shea, political machine ballot-stuffer
- 1751: James Field, pugilist
- 1992: Johnny Frank Garrett, "kiss my ass because I'm innocent"
- 1984: Maqbool Bhat, for Kashmir
- 1585: Frederick Werner, the executioner's brother-in-law
- 1944: Twenty-two or more Poles
- 1869: Patrick Whelan, Canada's first assassin?